{"id":3209,"date":"2021-11-08T18:52:48","date_gmt":"2021-11-08T18:52:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alife.org\/?post_type=encyclopedia&#038;p=3209"},"modified":"2021-11-08T18:52:50","modified_gmt":"2021-11-08T18:52:50","slug":"droplets","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"https:\/\/alife.org\/encyclopedia\/synthetic-biology\/droplets\/","title":{"rendered":"Droplets"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Liquid droplets are a research platform used in ALife to study the emergence of complex life-like  behaviors from fairly simple combinations of chemicals. Droplets are created by putting a drop of one liquid (such as oil) into a different liquid that it cannot mix with (such as water). Additional chemicals are then added to droplet and\/or the liquid around it. By choosing the right chemicals, droplets can be created that form complex patterns, solve problems such as mazes, or even interact with each other. For a review of droplet research and a discussion of why droplets can be thought of as liquid robots, see the following paper, which won the ISAL Outstanding Publication of 2017 award: <span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--4204406-AV89ZB56--wp3209 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{4204406:AV89ZB56}', 'format': '(%a%, %d%, %p%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span>\n\n\n\n<\/p><p>For more information, see the following talk by Silvia Holler at the 2021 ISAL Summer School:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<p class=\"responsive-video-wrap clr\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"ISAL Summer School Part 3\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GLzoUcyfPC0?start=32&amp;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Droplet experiments lend themselves to videos! For a collection of videos of droplet experiments, check out the following playlist by Jitka Cejkova:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<p class=\"responsive-video-wrap clr\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Research movies (full list)\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/videoseries?list=PLHkrTI4ebI_xWRg4oy5u7LUZLiifOUsPm\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h1>\n\n\n\n\n<div id=\"zp-InTextBib-zotpress-4605aa49cb97dcb1a22cadf4f0b6b221\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-InTextBib wp-block-group zp-Post-3209\">\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY\" style=\"display: none;\">{4204406:AV89ZB56}<\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE\" style=\"display: none;\">apa<\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SORTBY\" style=\"display: none;\">default<\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ORDER\" style=\"display: none;\">asc<\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TITLE\" style=\"display: none;\">no<\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWIMAGE\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWTAGS\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_DOWNLOADABLE\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_NOTES\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ABSTRACT\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_CITEABLE\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TARGET\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_URLWRAP\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_FORCENUM\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_HIGHLIGHT\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_POSTID\" style=\"display: none;\">3209<\/span><div class=\"zp-List loading\">\n<div class=\"zp-SEO-Content\">\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ZP_JSON\" style=\"display: none;\">%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-4605aa49cb97dcb1a22cadf4f0b6b221%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22AV89ZB56%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4204406%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A7309051%2C%22username%22%3A%22imytk%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fimytk%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22%5Cu010cejkov%5Cu00e1%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-11-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%26%23x10C%3Bejkov%26%23xE1%3B%2C%20J.%2C%20Banno%2C%20T.%2C%20Hanczyc%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%26%23x160%3Bt%26%23x11B%3Bp%26%23xE1%3Bnek%2C%20F.%20%282017%29.%20Droplets%20As%20Liquid%20Robots.%20%3Ci%3EArtificial%20Life%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E23%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20528%26%23x2013%3B549.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10%5C%2Fgcj4gc%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10%5C%2Fgcj4gc%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Droplets%20As%20Liquid%20Robots%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jitka%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22%5Cu010cejkov%5Cu00e1%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Taisuke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Banno%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hanczyc%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Franti%5Cu0161ek%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22%5Cu0160t%5Cu011bp%5Cu00e1nek%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Liquid%20droplets%20are%20very%20simple%20objects%20present%20in%20our%20everyday%20life.%20They%20are%20extremely%20important%20for%20many%20natural%20phenomena%20as%20well%20as%20for%20a%20broad%20variety%20of%20industrial%20processes.%20The%20conventional%20research%20areas%20in%20which%20the%20droplets%20are%20studied%20include%20physical%20chemistry%2C%20fluid%20mechanics%2C%20chemical%20engineering%2C%20materials%20science%2C%20and%20micro-%20and%20nanotechnology.%20Typical%20studies%20include%20phenomena%20such%20as%20condensation%20and%20droplet%20formation%2C%20evaporation%20of%20droplets%2C%20or%20wetting%20of%20surfaces.%20The%20present%20article%20reviews%20the%20recent%20literature%20that%20employs%20droplets%20as%20animated%20soft%20matter.%20It%20is%20argued%20that%20droplets%20can%20be%20considered%20as%20liquid%20robots%20possessing%20some%20characteristics%20of%20living%20systems%2C%20and%20such%20properties%20can%20be%20applied%20to%20unconventional%20computing%20through%20maze%20solving%20or%20operation%20in%20logic%20gates.%20In%20particular%2C%20the%20lifelike%20properties%20and%20behavior%20of%20liquid%20robots%2C%20namely%20%28i%29%20movement%2C%20%28ii%29%20self-division%2C%20and%20%28iii%29%20group%20dynamics%2C%20will%20be%20discussed.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22November%201%2C%202017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210%5C%2Fgcj4gc%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221064-5462%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1162%5C%2FARTL_a_00243%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-07-28T05%3A59%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-3209-4204406-AV89ZB56\" data-zp-author-date=\"&#268;ejkov&aacute;-et-al.-2017-11-01\" data-zp-date-author=\"2017-11-01-&#268;ejkov&aacute;-et-al.\" data-zp-date=\"2017-11-01\" data-zp-year=\"2017\" data-zp-itemtype=\"journalArticle\" class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">&#268;ejkov&aacute;, J., Banno, T., Hanczyc, M. M., &amp; &Scaron;t&#283;p&aacute;nek, F. (2017). Droplets As Liquid Robots. <i><a href=\"https:\/\/alife.org\/encyclopedia\/introduction\/artificial-life\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"What is it? Artificial Life (ALife, a-life, Alife) is a very broad field that intersects with many other fields, including biology, chemistry, computer science, engineering, art, philosophy, astronomy, and more. Because of this, it is difficult to pin down an exact definition, but you can generally think of it as anything that examines the properties&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Artificial Life<\/a><\/i>, <i>23<\/i>(4), 528&ndash;549. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10\/gcj4gc\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10\/gcj4gc<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem --><\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n<\/div><!-- .zp-List --><\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Liquid droplets are a research platform used in ALife to study the emergence of complex life-like behaviors from fairly simple combinations of chemicals. Droplets are created by putting a drop of one liquid (such as oil) into a different liquid that it cannot mix with (such as water). Additional chemicals are then added to droplet [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"template":"","encyclopedia-category":[102],"encyclopedia-tag":[144,143,142],"coauthors":[89],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alife.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3209"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alife.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alife.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/encyclopedia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alife.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/alife.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3209\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3211,"href":"https:\/\/alife.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/3209\/revisions\/3211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alife.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3209"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alife.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-category?post=3209"},{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alife.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-tag?post=3209"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alife.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3209"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}